
Axioskop 40 OPERATION
Axioskop 40 FL Illumination and contrast procedures Carl Zeiss
B 40-810 e 12/01 3-31
• Bring examination object into the field of view and turn it through 240° with the mechanical stage.
Birefringent (anisotropic) specimens now normally display the aforesaid color and intensity changes
occurring during rotation between crossed polarizers. However, optically anisotropic substances can
also remain dark if an isotropic direction, e.g. of optically uniaxial or biaxial crystals, is oriented parallel
to the direction of observation.
3.5.6.2 Determining the vibration direction n
γ
γγ
γ '
(1) Application
Determination of vibration directions n
γ
, n
γ'
(direction with the absolutely or relatively highest refractive
index), n
α
and
n
α'
(direction with the absolutely or relatively lowest refractive index) in relation to
morphological directions, e.g. of crystal surfaces, crystal needles or fibers, is an important criterion for
recognition. It is also used for the diagnosis of biocrystals (e.g. gout, pseudo-gout).
Fig. 3-26 Determining the vibration direction n
γ
γγ
γ '
using the example of an artificial fiber
(2) Axioskop 40 and Axioskop 40 FL configuration
− Eyepiece with reticule
− Objectives suitable for polarization (tension-free)
− Rotary mechanical stage 75x50/240° R (3-25/3)
− Polarizer D (rotary or fixed), unless a condenser with integrated polarizer is used.
− Analyzer carrier or analyzer module D in the reflector turret (only available with Axioskop 40 FL)
− Adjusting specimen for polarization microscopy (453679-0000-000)
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